Natural Systems
6 Sections
The Natural Systems section of the syllabus deals with the topics listed below. Bear in mind that candidates will be required to answer one question from this section of the syllabus when writing the Paper 2 of the CXC Geography Examination.

Internal Forces
The Internal Structure of the Earth
Layers of the Earth
The Lithosphere
Rocks, rock types and the rock cycle
Plate Tectonics
Plate tectonics theory, global plates, plate movement and plate boundaries
Earthquakes
The occurrence and distribution of earthquakes
Folding
The process of folding, the occurrence and distribution of fold mountains
Volcanic Activity
Volcanic activity, extrusive and intrusive volcanic features
Changes in Volcanic Features
How volcanic features may change over time
External Forces
Weathering & Weathering Processes
Physical, chemical and biotic weathering
Mass Wasting Processes
Soil creep and landslides
Rivers
The Water Cycle
The operation of the water cycle and definition of terms
River Processes & Drainage Patterns
Erosion, transportation, deposition and drainage patterns
River Valleys & River Features
Features found in the upper, middle and lower course of rivers
Limestone Environment
Limestone Features
Characteristics of limestone and features formed in limestone areas
Coasts
Types of Waves
Constructive and destructive waves, wave erosion
Landforms created by wave processes
Features formed by wave erosion, deposition and transportation
Coral Reefs
Types, distribution and conditions necessary for their development.
Mangrove Wetlands
The importance of mangrove wetlands
Weather, Climate, Vegetation and Soil
Weather and Climate
Difference between weather and climate, elements of weather
Anticyclones
Weather conditions associated with anticyclones
Cold Fronts
Weather conditions associated with cold fronts
Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
Weather conditions associated with the ITCZ
Tropical Waves
Weather conditions associated with tropical waves
Hurricanes
Formation, classification, structure and movement of hurricanes
Factors Influencing Weather and Climate
latitude, altitude, relief, distance from the sea, winds
Ecosystems
Definition, components of ecosystems
Equatorial Climate
Location, climate, vegetation and soil.
Tropical Continental Climate
Location, climate, vegetation and soil.
Tropical Marine Climate
Location, climate, vegetation and soil.
Faydian Gill
Instructor